Abed ManzaljiAI, Step by Step

AI, Step by Step

Real AI cases, replayed one step at a time, with the fix.

Every walkthrough is based on a real case, research or official docs. Sources are at the bottom of each page.

Each walkthrough has two parts:The big pictureHow to build it

AIHallucinationPrompt injectionJailbreaksAI biasDeepfakesShadow AIAI agentsFake reviewsAgent sandboxesContext windowReasoningMulti-agentMCPOpen weightsJevEvalsAI costsFine-tuningAI codingAI pilotsModel drift
Trust and safetyHow AI worksMaking it pay offPoint at a dot to see its real case. Click to open the walkthrough.

Trust and safety

What's an AI hallucination?When AI makes something up and sounds sure.Public caseLawyers fined $5,000 · 2023What's prompt injection?Hidden instructions that trick your AI.Public caseOne email, zero clicks · 2025What's an AI jailbreak?Talking an AI out of its own rules.Public caseA parcel bot that swore · 2024What's AI bias?An AI that learns old unfairness and repeats it.Public caseA résumé scorer that marked down "women's" · 2018What's a deepfake attack?A fake boss on a video call asks for money.Public caseA US$25M video call · 2024What's shadow AI?Work secrets typed into AI tools the company can't see.Public caseSamsung's pasted code · 2023What's an AI agent?AI that acts, not just talks.Public caseA deleted database · 2025What are AI fake reviews?An AI writes the reviews. No customer was ever there.Public caseAn AI review writer charged by the FTC · 2024What happens when an AI agent leaves its test?Test an agent in a closed box. One small door is enough to get out.Public caseOpenAI test agents break into Hugging Face · 2026

How AI works

What's a context window?The AI's working memory, and why it forgets.Public caseLost in the middle · 2023 studyWhat's a reasoning model?AI that thinks before it answers.Public caseContest math: 9.3% → 74.4% · 2024Why a team of AI agents?One lead AI, many helpers, a bigger bill.Public caseAnthropic's research agents · 2025What's MCP?One plug that connects any AI to your tools.Public caseAdopted by OpenAI · 2025What's an open-weight model?Download the AI and run it yourself.Public caseDeepSeek R1 and a $589B day · 2025How does Jev work?An AI that never writes a word. It picks from your list, and says how sure it is.Public caseTypeSafe's decision model, in early access · 2026

Making it pay off

What's an AI eval?A test your AI takes before it talks to customers.Public caseAir Canada's chatbot · 2024Why is my AI bill so high?Where the money goes, and four ways to keep it.Public caseReal price lists · 2026Prompt, RAG, or fine-tune?Three ways to teach an AI your business.Public caseBloombergGPT vs GPT-4 · 2023Does AI make developers faster?Feeling faster isn't being faster. Measure it.Public caseMETR's trial: 19% more time · 2025Why do most AI pilots fail?Great demos that never change the business.Public caseMIT NANDA report: 95% · 2025What's model drift?A model that keeps predicting a world that's gone.Public caseA home-buying model that missed the market · 2021
ExerciseHuman in the LoopYour AI wants to act. Allow it or block it: 12 quick calls, a few seconds each.Try it →

Made by Abed Manzalji, AI Engineer in Toronto.More about meContact